Information materials for World Labor Protection Day
The International Labour Organization (ILO) notes 28 April is World Labor Safety Day to help prevent workplace accidents and diseases worldwide.
The idea of World Labor Safety Day dates back to Workers' Memorial Day., killed in the workplace, first conducted by american and canadian workers in 1989 year.
By setting up this day, the ILO aimed to raise public awareness of occupational safety and health issues and the increase in injuries., diseases and deaths, labor related, as well as, how the creation and promotion of a safety culture can help reduce annual mortality in the workplace. In all regions of the world, governments, trade union organizations, organizations of employers and practitioners in the field of labor protection organize various events for the World Labor Protection Day.
On World Labor Protection Day, international movements, with the support of the authorities, hold marches and rallies, flash mobs. Conferences are being arranged, participants discussing labor protection legislation, suggest methods for improving worker protection. Classes are held in educational institutions to improve the culture of life safety. Events are held annually under a new motto..
The ILO estimates that about 2,3 million. men and women die annually as a result of workplace accidents or work-related illnesses - average 6 000 person daily. Around the world, approximately 340 million. industrial accidents and 160 million. victims of occupational diseases.
Recognizing a huge problem, with which governments, employers, workers face worldwide over the COVID-19 pandemic, The ILO, as part of World Labor Protection Day, pays special attention to occupational safety and health, prevention of infectious diseases in the workplace. Stop the pandemic: Labor protection can save lives - Theme of World Labor Safety Day 2020 of the year.
Labor protection in the Republic of Belarus
In the Republic of Belarus, labor safety issues are given unconditional priority. Ensuring the rights and guarantees of workers in the field of labor protection, creation of conditions for decent work, satisfying citizen and benefit society, is one of the most important areas of state social policy.
Safe working conditions are something, what should definitely be created in any workplace. Sometimes neglected due to negligence and carelessness, sometimes because, what they want to save. But when it comes to the life and health of people, then saving is completely unacceptable.
A distinctive feature of our policy in the field of labor protection is the active influence of the state on these processes through the mechanisms and procedures available to it. This is, first of all, development and adoption of legislation, which establishes mandatory requirements and guarantees, defines the competence in the field of labor protection of all interested parties.
To date, a developed legislative framework has been created in the field of labor protection., which takes into account the positive international experience and many years of practice in regulating these issues at the national level.
The main regulatory document in the field of labor protection is the Law of the Republic of Belarus “On labor protection”, which was adopted in 2008 year.
Based on this Law, an integrated and interconnected labor protection management system has been created in the republic, the decisive role and tasks of each of the participants in the process of ensuring safe working conditions at all levels: starting from the level of the republic and ending with specific organizations, officials and employees. It allows you to comprehensively address safety issues in the workplace., creating the necessary conditions for the realization of the employee's right to work in safe working conditions, as well as to protect their rights and receive appropriate compensation in the event of an industrial accident or occupational disease.
Measures to ensure safe work are an integral part of the overall management system of the organization. In this work, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the work of a particular enterprise., those risks, with which the production processes are associated, carried out in this enterprise. The labor protection management system is designed to take into account these features and ensure comprehensive work on risk management in the field of labor protection.. The Law of the Republic of Belarus "On Labor Protection" obliges the employer to develop, implement and maintain an OSH management system.
Of course, the whole range of measures in the field of labor protection, From the adoption of legislation and the development of OSH management systems to state supervision and public control, aimed at solving one main problem - reducing occupational injuries and occupational diseases.
As a result of the measures taken by interested parties in this matter, certain positive results were achieved..
So, if you compare 1991 year from 2019 year, the number of employees, injured at work, declined in 10 times since 21628 to 2042. Fatal injuries decreased almost in 3 times - from 402 deaths before 141. Fatal Injury Frequency Rate by 100 thousand employees decreased from 8,7 at 1991 to 3,6 at 2019 and is at the level of developed countries in Europe.
Rice. Dynamics of changes in the number of industrial accidents
These results indicate that, that the labor protection system created in the Republic of Belarus as a whole is effective. We are consistently moving towards one of the important components of decent work - ensuring a safe and healthy workplace..
At the same time, modern development requires new ideas and new concepts.
According to BRUSP "Belgosstrakh" as a result of industrial accidents in 2019 year injured 2042 working (at 2018 year - 2115), of which died in production 141 person (at 2018 year - 144).
The largest number of industrial accidents occurred in organizations in the city of. Minsk, and with a fatal outcome - in organizations of the Minsk region (table 1).
Table 1
Number of employees, injured in industrial accidents
| Total | of them fatal | |||
| 2018 g. | 2019 g. | 2018 g. | 2019 g. | |
| Republic of Belarus | 2115 | 2042 | 144 | 141 |
| Brest | 327 | 340 | 25 | 14 |
| Vitebsk | 203 | 231 | 21 | 20 |
| Гомельская | 286 | 266 | 22 | 20 |
| Grodno | 246 | 250 | 13 | 20 |
| g. Minsk | 334 | 343 | 15 | 16 |
| Minsk | 401 | 337 | 27 | 35 |
| Mogilev | 318 | 275 | 21 | 16 |
Accidents result in significant loss of working time.. According to Belstat in 2019 lost due to injuries at work 79,4 thousand. man-days (at 2018 year - 73,2).
Moreover, this entails economic losses. According to BRUSP "Belgosstrakh" in 2019 Compulsory insurance against occupational accidents and occupational diseases amounted to over 126,5 million. rubles (at 2018 year - 113,4 million. rubles). Moreover, more 90 percent of these payments are monthly insurance payments (table 2).
Table 2
Compulsory insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases 2019 year
| Amount,
thousand. rubles |
The proportion of their total number, % | |
| Total, including: | 126 523,4 | 100,0 |
| monthly insurance payments | 114 158,2 | 90,2 |
| payment of additional medical expenses, social and vocational rehabilitation | 4 849,8 | 3,8 |
| temporary disability benefits, additional payments up to the average monthly earnings of the insured, temporarily transferred to a lighter paid job | 4 253,1 | 3,4 |
| lump-sum insurance payments | 2 395,5 | 1,9 |
| reimbursement to the Social Protection Fund for the costs of disability and survivor pensions | 547,5 | 0,4 |
| burial expenses | 319,3 | 0,3 |
To these amounts, you need to add payments in accordance with the collective agreements of organizations in the event of the death of an employee or disability..
As a result of industrial accidents in 2019 year disability occurred in 145 person (table 3), two of which set the percentage of disability due to work injury, 143 - recognized as disabled (at 2018 year disability occurred in 154 person, all of which are recognized as disabled).
Table 3
Number of persons, for the first time a percentage of disability or disability is established
| 2018 g. | 2019 g. | |||||||||
| disability percentage established | recognized as disabled | disability percentage established | recognized as disabled | |||||||
| 1
Group |
2
Group |
3
Group |
1
Group |
2
Group |
3
Group |
|||||
| Republic of Belarus | – | 13 | 29 | 112 | 2 | 9 | 31 | 103 | ||
| Brest | – | 3 | 8 | 20 | – | 5 | 7 | 16 | ||
| Vitebsk | – | 2 | – | 10 | – | – | 4 | 10 | ||
| Гомельская | – | – | 1 | 19 | – | 1 | 2 | 12 | ||
| Grodno | – | 1 | 6 | 17 | – | – | 7 | 9 | ||
| g. Minsk | – | – | 3 | 18 | 1 | – | 1 | 14 | ||
| Minsk | – | 4 | 8 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 23 | ||
| Mogilev | – | 3 | 3 | 13 | – | 2 | 3 | 19 | ||
In international practice, when assessing the state of labor protection and occupational injuries, a more objective indicator of the frequency of occupational injuries is used – the number of victims at work per 100 thousand employees (insured for compulsory insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases).
For reference. According to the data of BRUSP "Belgosstrakh" for compulsory insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases, 3 939 980 person (at 2018 year - 3 940 988).
Occupational injury rate coefficient (at 2019 year amounted 51,8 (at 2018 year - 53,7), fatal injury rate (the number of deaths at work per 100 thousand insured) decreased from 3,7 to 3,6 (table 4).
Table 4
Occupational injury rate per 100 thousand insured
| General injury rate rate | Fatal injury rate | |||
| 2018 g. | 2019 g. | 2018 g. | 2019 g. | |
| Republic of Belarus | 53,7 | 51,8 | 3,7 | 3,6 |
| Brest | 63,7 | 67,3 | 4,9 | 2,8 |
| Vitebsk | 47,1 | 54,2 | 4,9 | 4,7 |
| Гомельская | 55,1 | 51,9 | 4,2 | 3,9 |
| Grodno | 60,6 | 61,8 | 3,2 | 4,9 |
| g. Minsk | 30,8 | 31,3 | 1,4 | 1,5 |
| Minsk | 66,3 | 54,3 | 4,5 | 5,6 |
| Mogilev | 83,0 | 73,0 | 5,5 | 4,2 |
It should be noted, that the proportion of deaths due to industrial accidents compared to the total number of persons, dead from external causes, less than 2 percent (table 5).
Table 5
The main causes of death from external causes
| The reason | 2018 g. | 2019 g. | The proportion of their total number in 2019 year, % |
| Total, of them: | 8012 | 7725 | 100,0 |
| suicides | 1806 | 1617 | 20,9 |
| from accidental alcohol poisoning | 1476 | 1563 | 20,2 |
| from accidents, vehicle related (including accident) | 759 | 716 | 9,3 |
| smoke exposure, fire and flame | 570 | 531 | 6,9 |
| from accidental drowning | 449 | 431 | 5,6 |
| as a result of the killings | 305 | 265 | 3,4 |
| in production | 144 | 141 | 1,8 |
The situation with occupational injuries differs by region, and by type of economic activity. Among injured and killed in the workplace, the largest number are working, employed in industry, as well as in crop and livestock (table 6).
Table 6
Distribution of workers, injured in industrial accidents, by type of economic activity
| Total / specific gravity of their total, % | of them fatal / specific gravity of their total, % | |||
| 2018 g. | 2019 g. | 2018 g. | 2019 g. | |
| Republic of Belarus | 2115/100,0 | 2042/100,0 | 144/100,0 | 141/100,0 |
| industry | 661/31,3 | 658/32,2 | 31/21,5 | 30/21,3 |
| plant growing and livestock, hunting and service provision in these areas | 428/20,2 | 443/21,7 | 26/18,1 | 37/26,2 |
| building | 314/14,8 | 300/14,7 | 30/20,8 | 25/17,7 |
| transport activities, warehousing, postal and courier activities | 143/6,8 | 136/6,7 | 15/10,4 | 13/9,2 |
| wholesale and retail trade, repair of cars and motorcycles | 148/7,0 | 124/6,1 | 9/6,3 | 8/5,7 |
| forestry and logging | 65/3,1 | 72/3,5 | 13/9,0 | 10/7,1 |
| education | 49/2,3 | 65/3,1 | 2/1,4 | 2/1,4 |
| health and social services | 57/2,7 | 65/3,1 | – | 2/1,4 |
| electricity supply, gas, ferry, hot water and conditioned air | 49/2,3 | 37/1,8 | 7/4,9 | 2/1,4 |
| water supply, The processing of personal data includes, among other things,, waste treatment and disposal, pollution control activities | 26/1,2 | 31/1,5 | 3/2,1 | 3/2,1 |
| other activities | 175/8,3 | 111/5,4 | 8/5,5 | 9/6,5 |
At the same time, the analysis of injuries by type of economic activity, taking into account the number of workers employed in this type of activity, looks differently. The highest rates of injury and death of workers in 2019 year, as in 2018 year, noted in forestry and logging, as well as in construction (table 7).
Table 7
Occupational injury rate per 100 thousand insured by type of economic activity
| General injury rate rate | Fatal injury rate | |||
| 2018 g. | 2019 g. | 2018 g. | 2019 g. | |
| Republic of Belarus | 53,7 | 51,8 | 3,7 | 3,6 |
| forestry and logging | 181,6 | 203,3 | 36,3 | 28,2 |
| building | 201,6 | 197,3 | 19,3 | 16,4 |
| plant growing and livestock, hunting and service provision in these areas | 157,2 | 170,0 | 9,6 | 14,2 |
| water supply, The processing of personal data includes, among other things,, waste treatment and disposal, pollution control activities | 76,9 | 93,5 | 8,9 | 9,0 |
| industry | 88,5 | 89,2 | 4,1 | 4,1 |
| transport activities, warehousing, postal and courier activities | 73,3 | 70,2 | 7,7 | 6,7 |
| wholesale and retail trade, repair of cars and motorcycles | 57,4 | 47,5 | 3,5 | 3,1 |
| electricity supply, gas, ferry, hot water and conditioned air | 53,1 | 40,7 | 7,6 | 2,2 |
| health and social services | 19,4 | 22,0 | – | 0,7 |
| education | 12,2 | 16,2 | 0,5 | 0,5 |
Compared with 2018 the age structure of employees has slightly changed over the year, injured in industrial accidents. The largest share, more 50 %, among victims in 2019 year as a result of accidents at work amounted to workers in the age range "51 - 60 years» (inclusive)» (table 8). At the same time, for a number of years, it has been possible to exclude industrial accidents with workers., younger 18 years».
Table 8
Distribution of victims of industrial accidents by age
| Total / specific gravity of their total, % | of them fatal / of their total, % | |||
| 2018 g. | 2019 g. | 2018 g. | 2019 g. | |
| to 18 years» | 6/0,3 | 12/0,6 | – | – |
| with 18 to 30 years» (inclusive) | 466/22,0 | 385/18,9 | 18/12,5 | 13/9,2 |
| with 31 to 40 years» (inclusive) | 445/21,0 | 436/21,3 | 37/25,7 | 27/19,1 |
| with 41 to 50 years» (inclusive) | 485/22,9 | 493/24,1 | 38/26,4 | 28/19,9 |
| with 51 to 60 years» (inclusive) | 604/28,6 | 577/28,3 | 47/32,6 | 57/40,4 |
| older 60 years» | 109/5,2 | 139/6,8 | 4/2,8 | 16/11,4 |
Despite, that more than half of the dead workers are older 50 years», more workers die in production, having insignificant, less 5 years», work experience in the profession, at the same time, every fourth person killed at the time of injury had less than one year of work experience in the specialty (table 9).
Table 9
The proportion of those killed as a result of industrial accidents by length of service in the profession, %
| Year | to 1 of the year | from 1 years before 3 years» | from 3 to 5 years» | from 5 to 10 years» | from 10 to 20 years» | over 20 years» |
| 2019 | 24,7 | 9,0 | 7,9 | 15,7 | 23,6 | 19,1 |
| Total up to 5 years»: 41,6 | ||||||
| 2018 | 23,9 | 16,3 | 13,0 | 23,9 | 14,1 | 8,8 |
| Total up to 5 years»: 53,2 | ||||||
Among the injured at work in 2019 year 1534 men (75,1 the percentage) and 508 women (24,9 the percentage), at 2018 year - respectively 1630 (77,1 the percentage) and 485 (22,9 the percentage). Of 141 working, fatalities at work in 2019 year, 131 Man (92,9 the percentage) and 10 women (7,1 the percentage), at 2018 year - respectively 134 (93,1 the percentage) and 10 (6,9 the percentage). AT 2019 year as a result of accidents at work suffered 12 younger workers 18 years» (at 2018 year - 6 person), in this case, the death of minors at work was not allowed.
AT 2019 the year the workers were most at risk of injury and death at work, professional car drivers, locksmiths, tractor drivers and livestock breeders (table 10). At the same time, only one third of car and tractor drivers were injured as a result of road accidents.
Table 10
Main professions of employees, victims of industrial accidents in 2019 year
| Total | of them dead | |
| Car driver | 185 | 20 |
| Locksmith | 142 | 3 |
| Tractor driver | 92 | 8 |
| Livestock breeder | 86 | 10 |
| Auxiliary worker | 83 | 9 |
| Milking machine operator | 67 | – |
| Woodworking machine operator | 56 | – |
| Electrician | 50 | 7 |
| A carpenter (concrete worker) | 47 | – |
| Cleaner | 47 | – |
| Electric and gas welder | 31 | – |
| Mason | 29 | 4 |
| Cook | 21 | 1 |
| Watchman | 21 | 3 |
| Field grower | 21 | 3 |
| Wood feller | 20 | 2 |
| Road worker | 18 | 2 |
| Storekeeper | 17 | 2 |
| Plasterer | 15 | – |
The monitoring of occupational injuries showed, that the main factors of injury to workers at work practically do not change. As in previous years in 2019 year they were the impact of moving, scattering, rotating objects and parts, fall of the victim during movement and from a height, as well as road accidents. The proportion of injured at work and deaths in 2019 and 2018 years in the organizations of the republic by the main types of accidents are given in the table 11.
Table 11
Share of accidents, resulting in injury or death of workers at work
| Share of the total number of injured, % | Share of the total number of deaths, % | |||
| 2018 g. | 2019 g. | 2018 g. | 2019 g. | |
| Total | 100,0 | 100,0 | 100,0 | 100,0 |
| impact of moving, scattering, rotating objects, parts and the like | 28,9 | 30,7 | 18,8 | 24,8 |
| fall of the victim while moving | 16,2 | 15,0 | – | 1,4 |
| fall of the victim from a height | 11,6 | 12,5 | 15,3 | 10,6 |
| road accident | 11,3 | 10,8 | 26,4 | 22,0 |
| the fall, collapse of buildings and structures, collapses of objects, materials, soil and the like | 10,2 | 8,1 | 22,2 | 17,7 |
| damage due to contact with representatives of flora and fauna | 4,5 | 5,3 | 1,4 | 2,1 |
| injury by another person | 3,2 | 2,6 | – | 2,1 |
| exposure to harmful substances | 1,9 | 2,5 | 0,7 | 0,7 |
| exposure to extreme temperatures | 1,9 | 1,8 | – | 1,4 |
| electric shock | 1,1 | 1,5 | 4,2 | 7,1 |
| falling victim into wells, pits, trenches, containers and the like | 0,7 | 1,0 | – | 1,4 |
| poisoning | 0,6 | 0,7 | 2,1 | 0,7 |
| fire | 0,8 | 0,6 | 3,5 | 0,7 |
| explosion | 0,8 | 0,3 | 2,1 | 0,7 |
| drowning | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,7 | 1,4 |
| natural disasters | 0,1 | 0,1 | – | 1,4 |
| asphyxia | 0,1 | – | 1,4 | – |
| others | 6,0 | 6,4 | 1,2 | 3,8 |
As shown by the analysis of completed investigations of accidents at work, most accidents are caused by "human factors", ie. failure by employers and (or) the workers themselves labor protection requirements, and this is typical for organizations of all forms of ownership (table 12).
Table 12
Share of causes of industrial injuries
| Injury at work | 2018 g. | 2019 g. | |||||||
| solely through the fault of the employer | mixed liability of employer and victim | solely through the fault of the victim | others | solely through the fault of the employer | mixed liability of employer and victim | solely through the fault of the victim | others | ||
| Republic of Belarus | general | 20,5 | 13,3 | 42,1 | 24,1 | 18,0 | 12,2 | 32,6 | 37,2 |
| fatal | 25,3 | 29,5 | 16,8 | 28,4 | 23,9 | 23,9 | 30,7 | 21,5 | |
| organizations of the republican form of ownership | general | 15,9 | 15,2 | 46,2 | 22,7 | 15,4 | 12,3 | 39,2 | 33,1 |
| fatal | 25,0 | 32,1 | 14,3 | 28,6 | 19,2 | 7,7 | 53,8 | 19,3 | |
| organization of communal ownership | general | 20,8 | 11,6 | 40,1 | 27,5 | 18,6 | 11,0 | 29,4 | 41,0 |
| fatal | 22,5 | 35,0 | 15,0 | 27,5 | 17,1 | 37,1 | 11,4 | 34,4 | |
| private ownership organizations | general | 24,5 | 13,8 | 40,8 | 20,9 | 20,0 | 14,0 | 30,6 | 35,4 |
| fatal | 29,6 | 18,5 | 22,2 | 29,7 | 37,0 | 22,2 | 33,3 | 7,5 | |
Monitoring the causes of fatal accidents shows, that they are often the result of the failure of managers and specialists to fulfill their labor protection duties, as well as violations by the victims of labor and production discipline, labor protection instructions, which indicates the presence of shortcomings and omissions in providing employers with control over compliance by officials and employees with labor protection requirements, labor and production discipline.
Detailing the causes of industrial injuries indicates that, what in 2019 year compared to 2018 by their nature they have not changed significantly during the year. Violation of labor discipline by victims still prevails, requirements of regulatory legal acts, technical regulations, local regulations on labor protection and failure of managers and specialists to fulfill their labor protection obligations (table 13).
Table 13
The main causes of occupational injuries
| Share of the total number of causes of injury,% | Share of the total number of causes of death,% | ||||
| 2018 g. | 2019 g. | 2018 g. | 2019 g. | ||
| Violation of labor discipline by victims, requirements of regulatory legal acts, technical regulations, local regulations on labor protection | 22,7 | 24,9 | 11,5 | 15,5 | |
| Personal negligence of victims | 13,4 | 14,0 | 0,9 | 1,0 | |
| Failure by managers and specialists to fulfill their labor protection duties | 13,7 | 11,0 | 17,6 | 16,1 | |
| Violation of labor protection requirements by other employees | 5,1 | 4,7 | 4,8 | 5,2 | |
| Violation of traffic rules by other persons | 4,6 | 4,6 | 5,3 | 4,7 | |
| Admission of victims to work without training and testing of knowledge on labor protection issues | 4,4 | 4,5 | 9,3 | 6,2 | |
| The admission of victims to work without an internship on labor protection and (or) instruction on labor protection | 4,2 | 3,8 | 7,9 | 5,2 | |
| Violation of safety requirements when operating vehicles, machines, mechanisms, equipment, snap, instrument | 2,8 | 2,9 | 3,5 | 2,1 | |
| Unsatisfactory content and deficiencies in the organization of workplaces | 3,0 | 2,8 | 6,2 | 4,7 | |
| Non-use by victims of personal protective equipment issued to them | 1,4 | 2,3 | 1,8 | 1,6 | |
| Attracting victims to work outside their specialty (profession) | 1,9 | 2,2 | 2,6 | 2,6 | |
| Finding victims in a state of alcoholic intoxication or in a state, drug-induced, psychotropic substances | 1,3 | 2,0 | 4,4 | 4,7 | |
| Illegal actions of others | 2,0 | 1,6 | – | 1,6 | |
| Failure to provide victims with personal protective equipment | 1,4 | 1,4 | 3,5 | 2,1 | |
| Violation of traffic rules by victims | 1,7 | 1,3 | 3,1 | 3,1 | |
| Violation of the technological process | 0,9 | 1,2 | 0,4 | 1,6 | |
| Operation of faulty machines, mechanisms, equipment, snap, instrument, Vehicle | 1,6 | 1,1 | 0,9 | 1,6 | |
The share of reasons remains significant, due to the actions of the victims themselves, as a violation of labor and production discipline by them, instructions on labor protection and finding them in a state of alcoholic intoxication.
It should be noted, what in 2019 year, according to Belstat, in the organizations of the republic, employees committed more than 133,0 thousand. absenteeism and other violations of labor discipline, resulting in lost 689,4 thousand. man-days (at 2018 year - respectively 124,1 and 653,8 thous.).
The problem of the appearance of workers at work in a state of alcoholic intoxication, drinking alcohol during working hours or at the place of work is still acute. At the same time, the number of such facts continues to increase over the past three years. (table 14).
Table 14
Cases of appearance at work in a state of alcoholic intoxication, drinking alcohol during working hours or at the place of work
(according to Belstat)
| Year | Person |
| 2015 | 19451 |
| 2016 | 16664 |
| 2017 | 16735 |
| 2018 | 17644 |
| 2019 | 18625 |
According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the reporting period, for being in the workplace during working hours in a state of alcoholic intoxication or in a state, drug-induced, psychotropic substances, their analogues, toxic or other intoxicating substances to administrative responsibility in the form of a fine 8 285 person (at 2018 year - 7901). AT 2019 year in a state of alcoholic intoxication at the time of injury was 93 human, or 4,6 and 4,4 percentage of the total number of injured at work, respectively. Among those killed in 2019 year, as in 2018 year, in production in the specified state was 23 human (16,3 and 16 percent respectively).
In this way, a further reserve for reducing the level of industrial injuries is the adoption of measures by employers, government bodies and trade unions to strengthen labor and production discipline in organizations, as well as increasing the effectiveness of control over its observance.
AT 2019 year in the republic according to the Ministry of Health registered 56 cases of newly diagnosed occupational diseases, of them 55 cases of chronic occupational diseases and one case of acute occupational poisoning (at 2018 year - 72). Among the sick 49 men and 7 women (at 2018 – 60 and 12).
The largest number of occupational diseases was registered in the city of. Minsk and Minsk region (table 15).
Table 15
Number of cases of registered occupational diseases
| 2018 g. | 2019 g. | |
| Republic of Belarus | 72 | 56 |
| Brest | 1 | – |
| Vitebsk | 2 | 2 |
| Гомельская | 3 | 7 |
| Grodno | 3 | 4 |
| g. Minsk | 35 | 24 |
| Minsk | 18 | 18 |
| Mogilev | 10 | 1 |
The largest number of occupational diseases was registered in manufacturing organizations and in organizations for the extraction of metal ores and other minerals (table 16).
Table 16
Distribution of occupational diseases
by type of economic activity for 2019 year
| Name of the type of economic activity according to OKED | Number of cases |
| Total | 56 |
| Rural, forestry and fisheries | 2 |
| plant growing and livestock, hunting and service provision | 2 |
| Mining industry | 12 |
| mining of metal ores and other minerals | 12 |
| Manufacturing industry | 37 |
| manufacture of textiles, clothes | 2 |
| production of chemical products | 1 |
| manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products | 1 |
| metallurgical production. Manufacturing of finished metal products, other than machinery and equipment | 5 |
| production of machinery and equipment, not included in other groups | 28 |
| Electricity supply, gas, ferry, hot
water and air-conditioned |
2 |
| Construction | 1 |
| Health care and social services | 1 |
| Creation, sport, entertainment and recreation | 1 |
The largest number of occupational diseases was noted in organizations, subordinates to the Ministry of Industry. In terms of organizations, the largest number of occupational diseases was registered at Minsk Tractor Plant OJSC (13 cases of occupational diseases), JSC "Belaruskali" (11), OAO BELAZ (4) and JSC "Minsk Automobile Plant" (4).
The main reasons for the occurrence of occupational diseases were the design flaws of the machines., equipment and tools, as well as violation of safety requirements.
Due to occupational morbidity in 2019 year recognized as disabled 11 person (table 17).
Table 17
Number of persons, for whom the percentage of disability or disability as a result of an occupational disease has been established for the first time
| 2018 g. | 2019 g. | |||||||
| established the percentage of loss of work-ability | recognized as disabled | established the percentage of loss of work-ability | recognized as disabled | |||||
| 1
Group |
2
Group |
3
Group |
1
Group |
2
Group |
3
Group |
|||
| Republic of Belarus | – | – | 1 | 10 | – | – | – | 11 |
| Brest | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Vitebsk | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – |
| Гомельская | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 2 |
| Grodno | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
| g. Minsk | – | – | – | 3 | – | – | – | 4 |
| Minsk | – | – | – | 3 | – | – | – | 4 |
| Mogilev | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – |
In accordance with Article 40 Of the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On labor protection" in 2019 year, the Department continued to monitor compliance with labor protection legislation.
AT 2019 year, the main forms of supervision over compliance with labor protection legislation were random and unscheduled inspections, as well as forms of preventive work of the Department of State Labor Inspection of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection (Further – Department), non-auditing (controls, surveys according to the statements of business entities, participation of state inspectors of the Department in the work of mobile groups, etc.).
During the year, the Department carried out 457 selective and 68 unscheduled inspections, 875 monitoring, 1193 surveys according to the statements of business entities, and 966 special investigations of industrial accidents, during which it was proposed (prescribed) to elimination from above 62,4 thousand. violations of labor protection requirements. Employers were asked to suspend (ban) work 214 workshops (production sites), 19 construction sites, as well as over 2,9 thousand. units of machine tools, machines and other production equipment, the exploitation of which posed a threat to the life and health of employees. Of the proposed elimination of violations of labor protection requirements 27,4 percent - on the organization and maintenance of jobs, buildings, production area, 20,5 percent - on issues of training and instructing workers on labor protection, 5,4 percent - on issues of providing workers with personal protective equipment, 2,1 percent - on medical examinations (surveys).
For violations of labor protection legislation, they were brought to administrative responsibility in the form of a fine in excess of 2,4 thousand. authorized officials in the amount 379,1 thousand. rubles. At the request of state inspectors, more than 2,8 thousand. officials, suspended from work in accordance with article 49 Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus over 13,7 thousand. person.
Information about the most frequent violations of labor protection legislation by employers was regularly posted on the Department's official website on the global computer network..
Moreover, public control over compliance with labor protection requirements in organizations of the republic was carried out by trade unions. During 2019 years by trade union technical labor inspectors, members of the FPB, carried out over 7,0 thousand. inspections and monitoring, as a result of which employers are prescribed (recommended) to elimination from above 51,7 thousand. violations and prohibited from work above 1,8 thousand. units of machine tools, machines and other production equipment, the exploitation of which posed a threat to the life and health of employees, 16 raid groups of the FPB technical labor inspectorate carried out monitoring of compliance with labor protection in 1390 organizations and recommended for elimination over 9,3 thousand. violations.
To improve the efficiency of public control over compliance with legislation on labor protection with 1 April 2019 g. at 137 district (urban) trade union associations appointed trade union inspectors for labor protection, carrying out their activities on a voluntary basis. During the specified period, they spent more than 1,6 thousand. monitoring and proposed for elimination over 8 thousand. violations of labor protection legislation.
To give this work a systemic, complex nature 20 September 2019 g. an Agreement was signed between the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus and the Federation of Trade Unions of Belarus on cooperation in creating safe and healthy working conditions and prevention of industrial injuries.
It should be noted, that in recent years, more attention has been paid to the introduction of new forms and methods of preventive work to prevent industrial injuries and occupational diseases.
The use of positive international experience in labor protection issues has great potential. A significant positive contribution to the promotion of labor protection issues will be made by the application of the principles of the concept of "Zero Injury" at the enterprises of our country, developed by the International Social Security Association (MASO).
The Zero Injury concept is based on the recognition that, that accidents at work and occupational diseases are not inevitable: they always have reasons. The concept is universal and can be implemented in any organization, regardless of the number of employees and the type of activity. The concept is based on the conscious activity of all participants in the production process, starting from the head of the organization and ending with employees, in order to prevent any accidents and occupational diseases at work. After all, all cases of injury occur in the organization..
There are organizations in the republic, who can actually declare their commitment to the Zero Injury concept. According to the information of BRUSP "Belgosstrakh", obtained on the basis of reports on compulsory insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases, in 3 761 insured with more than 100 workers in 2018 – 2019 g.g. there were no industrial accidents and occupational diseases (table 18). Among them are organizations of almost all types of economic activities..
Table 18
Number of policyholders, who did not have insured events by region and city. Minsk
| Region name | Number of policyholders, who had no insured events in 2018-2019. |
| Brest region | 474 |
| Витебская область | 414 |
| Gomel region | 416 |
| The Grodno region | 393 |
| g. Minsk | 1 104 |
| Minsk Region | 593 |
| Mogilev region | 367 |
| Total | 3 761 |
Ensuring labor safety is a daily job, and only if there is a deep inner conviction of the head of the organization, other officials, workers including, that it is an important element of the management culture, which will definitely pay dividends, you can bring labor protection work to a new quality level.